Note

If you are new to the blockchain technology, taking our Introduction to Blockchain Technology self-paced course is highly recommended. Also, for a comprehensive coverage of blockchain development with Sawtooth, taking our below self paced courses is highly recommended:

• Intro to Hyperledger Sawtooth for System Admins

Hyperledger Sawtooth

Hyperledger Sawtooth is another general-purpose blockchain framework under Hyperledger Umbrella for building both distributed ledgers:

• Compared to Fabric, Sawtooth is more similar to a public blockchain such as Ethereum, but still maintains some design principles.
• Hyperledger enforces modularization, configurability, and flexibility in plugging in different implementations.
• It maintains a cryptographically linked chain of transaction blocks, has a peer-to- peer validator network for relaying transactions between nodes, and relies on the gossip protocol to propagate all transactions to all nodes in the validator network.

While Fabric is a permissioned blockchain, Sawtooth supports both permissioned and permissionless blockchains. Permissions are set at both the network level and the local validator configuration level:

• At the network level, its task is to configure who has permission to join the validator network.
• At the local validator configuration level, it controls whether the validator has permission to access and process the transactions and messages.

Unlike other private blockchains such as Hyperledger Fabric, Corda, or Quorum, where a sensitive or private transaction may not be accessible to all nodes, all transactions in Sawtooth are stored in validators in the network; it relies on the local permissions to enforce transaction privacy.
The consensus in Sawtooth, by design, is pluggable too. Consensus algorithms can be configured at the network level during the initial validator network's setup. They can be switched during the transaction process too. By default, it supports the Proof of Elapsed Time (PoEt) consensus protocol, although a voting-based consensus in RAFT is under development. PoET is a Nakamoto-style lottery-based consensus algorithm that relies on Intel's Software Guard Extensions (SGX) to select a validator to create blocks based on random waiting times, without using the PoW algorithm.

Similar to Fabric, Sawtooth supports smart contract development in many different programming languages, such as Java, JavaScript, Go, and on. In addition, it supports Solidity and Rust too, which are quite successful in the Ethereum community. One notable difference with transaction processing in Sawtooth is the ability to batch the transactions and ensure all or nothing when processing all the transactions in a batch. This could be quite useful for an enterprise that's dealing with some business scenarios with large, complex transactions.

Related Articles

If you like to explore more private distributed ledger platforms, reading the below articles is highly recommended:

• Introduction to R3 Corda Blockchain Development
• Introduction to Quorum Blockchain Development
• Review of Private Blockchain Use Cases

This article is written in collaboration with Brian Wu who is a leading author of “Learn Ethereum: Build your own decentralized applications with Ethereum and smart contracts” book. He has written 7 books on blockchain development.

Resources

Free Webinars on Blockchain

Here is the list of our free webinars that are highly recommended:

• Hyperledger Fabric for system admin versus developers
• How to harness blockchain for environmental and corporate sustainability
• Review of Initial Coin Offering, Security Token Offering and asset tokenization use cases and best practices
• Blockchain for entrepreneurship- 27 blockchain business use cases
• Hyperledger Fabric for entrepreneurship- 21 blockchain business use cases

Free Courses

Here is the list of our 10 free self-paced courses that are highly recommended:

• IT Career Roadmap Explained
• Web Design with Bootstrap
• User Experience Best Practices
• Intro to Search Engine Optimization
• Web Design with WordPress
• Introduction to Drupal CMS
• Intro to Joomla CMS
• Intro to Cybersecurity
• Introduction to Cloud Technology
• Recorded Live Webinars and Classes

Self-Paced Blockchain Courses

If you like to learn more about Hyperledger Fabric, Hyperledger Sawtooth, Ethereum or Corda, taking the following self-paced classes is highly recommended:

1. Intro to Blockchain Technology
2. Blockchain Management in Hyperledger for System Admins
3. Hyperledger Fabric for Developers
4. Intro to Blockchain Cybersecurity
5. Learn Solidity Programming by Examples
6. Introduction to Ethereum Blockchain Development
7. Learn Blockchain Dev with Corda R3
8. Intro to Hyperledger Sawtooth for System Admins

Live Blockchain Courses

If you want to master Hyperledger Fabric, Ethereum or Corda, taking the following live classes is highly recommended:

• Live and self-paced blockchain development with Ethereum
• Live and self-paced blockchain development with Hyperledger Fabric
• Live and self-paced blockchain development with Corda
• Immersive Blockchain Bootcamp with live and self-paced courses
• Live crash course for learning Ethereum with Solidity
• Live crash course for building DApps with Hyperledger Fabric 
• Live crash course for building DApps with Corda
• Live full-stack blockchain development in Hyperledger and Ethereum

Articles and Tutorials on Blockchain Technology

If you like to learn more about blockchain technology and how it works, reading the following articles is highly recommended:

•  History and Evolution of Blockchain Technology from Bitcoin
•  Overview of Blockchain evolution and phases from Ethereum to Hyperledger
• Comprehensive overview and analysis of blockchain use cases in many industries
• Blockchain Crowdfunding Security Token or Initial Coin Offerings
• A beginner Guide to Blockchain Technology
• How Decentralized Peer-To-Peer Network Works
• How blocks are added to the blockchain
• How Public and Private Keys of Cryptography Work
• What Is A Cryptographic Hash Function
• How Digital Signature Works In Blockchain
• The role and types of consensus mechanism in blockchain
• How Proof-of-Work Consensus Works in Blockchain
• How Proof of Stake Consensus works in Blockchain

Articles and Tutorials on Ethereum and Solidity

If you like to learn more about blockchain development in Ethereum with Solidity, reading the following articles and tutorials is highly recommended:

• Review of Architecture and Components of Ethereum
• Comprehensive Blockchain Ethereum Developer Guide from Beginner to Advance Level
•  How to Write Ethereum Smart Contracts with Solidity in 1 hour
• Review of Architecture and Components of Ethereum
• How Ethereum Manages Accounts
• How Ethereum Manages Transactions
• How Smart Contracts Work in Ethereum
• How Ether and Gas Work in Ethereum
• How Ethereum Virtual Machine works
• How address and wallet work in Ethereum
• How mining works in Ethereum
• List of Tools and Technologies in Ethereum Ecosystem
• Review of challenges in distributed systems
• Review of Cap Theorem in Distributed Systems
• Horizontal Scaling versus Vertical Scaling in Distributed Systems
• How to Scale up Ethereum Blockchain Applications
• Review of scaling solutions for Ethereum
• How to Manage Ethereum State Channel with Raiden
• How Plasma Chains Work in Ethereum
• How Sharding and Gasper work in Ethereum
• How Proof-of-Stack Consensus Works in Ethereum
• A roadmap for Implementing Ethereum 2.0
• How to work with Decentralized Data and Content Storage in Ethereum
• How Decentralized Messaging with Whisper Works in Ethereum
• Review of Infura for Ethereum Development
• Review of Infura Ethereum API
• How to Use Remix with Infura for Ethereum Development
• How Ethereum Client API Works
• How Ethereum IPFS Storage Works
• How to Install and Start Ethereum IPFS Storage
• How to Run Ethereum IPFS Storage
• How to Work with Ethereum Swarm Storage
• How to Install Ethereum Swarm Storage
• How to Handle Ethereum Messages with Whisper
• Review of Popular Ethereum Smart Contract Libraries
• Review of Challenges for Ethereum Blockchain Development
• UI/UX and Design Thinking for Ethereum Blockchain Development
• Review of Ethereum Governance for Ethereum Blockchain Development
• Review of Government Regulations for Ethereum Blockchain Development
• Review of Mainstream Adoption for Ethereum Blockchain Development
• Review of Ethereum Tools and Infrastructure
• Review of Ethereum Tools and Frameworks
• Review of 100 DApps that Run on Ethereum Network
• Ethereum and Know-Your-Customer Requirements
• Integration of Ethereum with AI, ML and IoT

Articles and Tutorials on Hyperledger Family

If you like to learn more about blockchain development with Hyperledger, reading the following articles and tutorials is highly recommended:

• Introduction to Hyperledger Architecture, Projects, Tools and Libraries
• Complete Review of Hyperledger Fabric Architecture and Components
• Hyperledger Fabric for System Administers versus Developers
• How to use Prometheus and Grafana to monitor Hyperledger Fabric
• Essential Hyperledger Sawtooth Features for Enterprise Blockchain Developers
• Blockchain Developer Guide- How to Install Hyperledger Fabric on AWS
• Blockchain Developer Guide- How to Install and work with Hyperledger Sawtooth
• Blockchain Developer Guide- How to Install Hyperledger Burrow on AWS
• Blockchain Developer Guide- How to Install Hyperledger Iroha on AWS
• Blockchain Developer Guide- How to Install Hyperledger Indy and Indy CLI on AWS
• Blockchain Developer Guide- How to Install Hyperledger Seth and Docker on AWS
• Blockchain Developer Guide- How to Configure Hyperledger Sawtooth Validator and REST API on AWS
• Blockchain Developer Guide- How to Build Transaction Processor as a Service and Python Egg for Hyperledger Sawtooth
• Blockchain Developer Guide- How to Deploy Ethereum Smart Contracts with Hyperledger Burrow
• Blockchain Developer Guide- How to Create Cryptocurrency Using Hyperledger Iroha CLI
• Blockchain Developer Guide- How to Explore Hyperledger Indy Command Line Interface
• Blockchain Developer Guide- Comprehensive Blockchain Hyperledger Developer Guide from Beginner to Advance Level

Articles and Tutorials on R3 Corda

If you like to learn more about blockchain development on Corda , reading the following articles and tutorials is highly recommended:

• Introduction to R3 Corda Blockchain Development

Articles and Tutorials on Other Blockchain Platforms

If you like to learn more about blockchain development in other platforms, reading the following articles and tutorials is highly recommended:

• Introduction to Quorum Blockchain Development